Rapamycin for life: A step to immortality. Zoya N Demidenko

Rapamycin for life: A step to immortality


    Tumor suppression is admittedly the moststudied feature of p53. Nevertheless, numerous studies have portrayed p53 as key regulator of several normal biological processes, such as tissue homeostasis, development, differentiation and fertility.1 A seminal work by Hu and colleagues revealed that p53 regulates maternal reproduction through leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) induction in mice.2 A recent report by Sohr and Engeland extends this observation and suggests a role for p53 in the blastocyst implantation process in humans as well.3 The authors show that CGB7, one of the genes encoding the b subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), is transcriptionally induced by p53. hCG is a primate-specific hormone that is crucial for blastocyst implantation and early propagation of pregnancy. Interestingly, the other hCG-b-encoding genes were not induced by p53, thus implying a specific regulation leading to different  functions of these closely related genes. Several studies have connected the p53 pathway to human reproduction at large. In regards to implantation, we know now that both the gene encoding LIF, which is an endometrial cytokine (maternal source) important for blastocyst implantation,4 and CGB7, which is secreted by trophoblasts (blastocyst source), are regulated by p53.3 This implies that p53 has a major role in balancing hormone production at the implantation site, and thus secures proper implantation (Fig. 1). Furthermore, in addition to p53, estrogen receptor (ER) also regulates LIF in the implantation stage.5 Concordantly, we found that the promoter of the human CGB7 gene contains two putative ER responsive elements (-833/-811 bp and -525/-503 bp upstream of the transcription start site of CGB7— NM_033142). Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that ER and p53 cooperate in the regulation of blastocyst implantation through the induction of LIF and CGB7 (Fig. 1). Although some p53 target genes are initially described in other biological processes, they might also be related to the transformation process. For example, LIF was reported to play a vital role in cancer, although its endpoint effect seems to be tumor-specific. For example, secretion of LIF seems to promote tumor growth,6 while, on the other hand, it is transcriptionally repressed in cancer-associated stroma7 and might be located near a tumor suppressor locus in meningiomas.8 As p53 counteracts transformation, one might speculate that CGB7, being a genuine p53 target, has antitumor activity as well. Hitherto, merely one study examined CGB7 in the context of cancer. The mRNA expression of all CGB family members in invasive breast tumors samples were examined, and no significant change in CGB7 expression was found.9 Future research should be aimed at uncovering the full details of p53’s mode of action in the implantation process in both blastocyst and maternal tissue and perhaps tie CGB7 to the transformation process as well.

impact factor of oncotarget Zoya Demidenko Dr. Zoya N. Demidenko Zoya N. Demidenko , Ph.D. is Executive Manager of the Oncotarget journal . Oncotarget publishes high-impact research papers of general interest and outstanding significance and novelty in all areas of biology and medicine: in translational, basic and clinical research including but not limited to cancer research, oncogenes, oncoproteins and tumor suppressors, signaling pathways as potential targets for therapeutic intervention, shared targets in different diseases (cancer, benign tumors, atherosclerosis, eukaryotic infections, metabolic syndrome and other age-related diseases), chemotherapy, and new therapeutic strategies. After earning her Ph.D. in molecular biology, Zoya was awarded a Fogarty post-doctoral Fellowship from the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD. After successful completion of post-doctoral training, she continued her professional career at George Washington University and Albert Einstein School of Medicine . In 2005 she cofounded the startup company Oncotarget Inc. which is focused on the development of anti-aging and anti-cancer drugs. Her research interests include signal transduction, cell cycle and cellular senescence, and their pharmacological targeting. In 2009 she cofounded the publishing house Impact Journals which specializes in publishing scientific journals. In 2011 she was selected to be a Member of the National Association of Professional Women .
https://www.scienceopen.com/user/e7fc54ba-94fb-4b90-b8e3-fc61dfb69240


oncotarget journal impact factor
When people mention today’s medicine, accuracy plays one of the most significant roles and people’s lives are directly dependent on it. Hence, any researches related to medicine are required to meet the highest standards. The challenge nowadays is that any outcomes of researches can be published online and used as a reference without being properly verified and validated. Mikhail (Misha) Blagosklonny of Oncotarget perfectly understood this problem and attempted to come up with an alternative solution. That’s how a weekly oncology-focused research journal named “Oncotarget” has been founded back in 2010. The main principle of this journal is based on Altmetric scores that are used as a quality indicator. That assists both readers and authors to quality-check publications with Altmetric Article Reports that provide “real-time feedback containing data summary related to a particular publication.” Oncotarget website has a complete publications list with corresponding scores above 100 as well as reports discussed previously. Mikhail (Misha) Blagosklonny glad to share his new approach and hopes it creates the required assistance to anyone, who has interest in oncology.
“A diagnostic autoantibody signature for primary cutaneous melanoma” has the Altmetric score of 594. This paper was released back in 2018 by Oncotarget and written by different experts from Hollywood Private Hospital, Edith Cowan University, Dermatology Specialist Group, St. John of God Hospital and The University of Western Australia. The introduction of the study discusses “recent data shows that Australians are four times more likely to develop a cancer of the skin than any other type of cancer”, and shares an insight on melanoma that “is curable by surgical excision in the majority of cases, if detected at an early stage.”
The publication has got an Altmetric score of 594. Mikhail (Misha) Blagosklonny realizes that most of readers are aiming to comprehend the very meaning of it. Based on the Altmetric website, the score relates to “how many people have been exposed to and engaged with a scholarly output.” Likewise, the paper about melanoma, was used for citations in various news articles 69 times. Moreover, it was quoted in 2 online blogs, as well as 25 Tweets on Twitter and 1 Facebook post. FOX23 of Tulsa, Oklahoma has headlined their report on July 20, 2018 as “New blood test could detect skin cancer early”, using the main content of Australia study 
Another Oncotarget’s research with a top score of 476, is “Biomarkers for early diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma: Do we need another moon-shot,”. This publication has appeared in 60 news stories, 1 online blog post and 6 Twitter posts. The majority of public may have seen a short overview only, however those who visit Mikhail (Misha) Blagosklonny at Oncotarget, do get helpful scientific facts. Oncotarget is glad to have the ability to share with online viewers this highly appreciated and high-quality information, that is trustworthy and reliable.

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